GDW-106 Ikizamini Cyamavuta
●Amabwiriza akurikira akoreshwa numuntu wujuje ibisabwa kugirango yirinde amashanyarazi.Ntugakore serivisi iyo ari yo yose irenze amabwiriza y'ibikorwa keretse ubishoboye.
●Ntugakoreshe iki gikoresho ahantu hashobora gutwikwa kandi huzuye.Komeza hejuru kandi usukure.
●Nyamuneka reba neza ko ibikoresho bihagaze mbere yo gufungura.Ntugatererane ibikoresho cyane wirinde kwangiza ibikoresho.
●Shira ibikoresho ahantu humye, hasukuye, bihumeka bitarimo gaze yangirika.Gushyira ibikoresho bidafite kontineri ni bibi.
●Ikibaho kigomba kuba kigororotse mugihe cyo kubika.Kuzamura ibintu byabitswe kugirango urinde ubushuhe.
●Ntugasenye igikoresho nta ruhushya, bizagira ingaruka kuri garanti yibicuruzwa.Uruganda ntirushinzwe gusenya.
Igihe cya garanti yuruhererekane ni umwaka umwe uhereye umunsi woherejwe, nyamuneka reba inyemezabuguzi cyangwa inyandiko zo kohereza kugirango umenye amatariki ya garanti.Isosiyete ya HVHIPOT yemerera umuguzi wambere ko iki gicuruzwa kizaba kitarangwamo inenge mubikoresho no mubikorwa bikoreshwa bisanzwe.Mu gihe cyose cya garanti, teganya ko inenge nk'izo zitagenwe na HVHIPOT kuba yaratewe no guhohoterwa, gukoresha nabi, guhindura, kwishyiriraho nabi, kutita ku bidukikije cyangwa ibidukikije byangiza, HVHIPOT igarukira gusa mu gusana cyangwa gusimbuza iki gikoresho mu gihe cya garanti.
| Oya. | Izina | Qty. | Igice |
| 1 | GDW-106 Abashitsi | 1 | igice |
| 2 | Icupa rya selile | 1 | igice |
| 3 | Electrolytike electrode | 1 | igice |
| 4 | Gupima electrode | 1 | igice |
| 5 | Amacomeka ya electrolytike | 1 | igice |
| 6 | Gucomeka ibirahure binini | 1 | igice |
| 7 | Gucomeka ibirahuri bito (notch) | 1 | igice |
| 8 | Gucomeka ibirahuri bito | 1 | igice |
| 9 | Inkoni | 2 | pc |
| 10 | Silica gel | 1 | igikapu |
| 11 | Silika gel pad | 9 | pc |
| 12 | 0.5μl micro sampler | 1 | igice |
| 13 | 50μl micro sampler | 1 | igice |
| 14 | 1ml micro sampler | 1 | igice |
| 15 | Umuyoboro wumye | 1 | igice |
| 16 | Umugozi w'amashanyarazi | 1 | igice |
| 17 | Amavuta ya Vacuum | 1 | igice |
| 18 | Electrolyte | 1 | Icupa |
| 19 | Shira impapuro | 1 | umuzingo |
| 20 | Imfashanyigisho y'abakoresha | 1 | igice |
| 21 | Raporo y'ibizamini | 1 | igice |
HV Hipot Electric Co., Ltd. ifite ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kandi bwitondewe, ariko ntidushobora kwemeza ko nta makosa n'amakosa byakozwe mu gitabo.
HV Hipot Electric Co., Ltd yiyemeje kurushaho kunoza imikorere y’ibicuruzwa, no kuzamura ireme rya serivisi, bityo isosiyete ikomeza kuba uburenganzira bwo guhindura ibicuruzwa na porogaramu iyo ari yo yose isobanurwa muri iki gitabo ndetse n’ibiri muri iki gitabo bitabanje menyesha.
Coulometric Karl Fischer tekinoroji ikoreshwa mugupima neza neza ubushuhe bwikigereranyo cyapimwe kirimo.Ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa cyane mubyukuri kandi bihendutse.Icyitegererezo GDW-106 gipima neza neza ubushuhe ku byitegererezo by'amazi, bikomeye na gaze ukurikije ikoranabuhanga.Ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi, peteroli, imiti, ibiryo nibindi.
Iki gikoresho gikoresha imbaraga nshya zo gutunganya ibisekuru hamwe nudushya dushya twa periferique kandi ko ingufu nkeya zisumba izindi zituma zishobora gukoresha bateri ntoya yo kubika kandi igendanwa.Urebye iherezo rya electrolysis rishingiye ku kugerageza ibimenyetso bya electrode kandi guhagarara neza nukuri nibyo bintu byingenzi byerekana neza.
●5-santimetero ndende-isobanura amabara yo gukoraho ecran, kwerekana birasobanutse kandi byoroshye gukora.
●Uburyo bubiri bwa electrolyte yubusa indishyi zingana na balanse point drift indishyi zo kuvugurura ibisubizo byikizamini.
●Imikorere yo kumenya gupima electrode ifunguye inzitizi zumuzunguruko namakosa magufi.
●Yemera printer ya micro ya printer, gucapa biroroshye kandi byihuse.
●Imibare 5 yo kubara yubatswe mubikoresho, kandi kubara ibice byibisubizo (mg / L, ppm%) birashobora gutoranywa nkuko bisabwa.
●Mu buryo bwikora uzigame amateka yamateka hamwe nigihe cyateganijwe, ntarengwa kugeza 500.
●Microprocessor yubusa ihita igenzura indishyi, kandi reagent irashobora kugera vuba kuringaniza.
●Urwego rwo gupima: 0ug-100mg;
●Ibipimo bifatika:
Amazi ya Electrolysis
3ug-1000ug ≤ ± 2ug
> 1000ug ≤ ± 02% (ibipimo byavuzwe haruguru ntabwo birimo amakosa yo guterwa)
●Icyemezo: 0.1ug;
●Amashanyarazi agezweho: 0-400mA;
●Gukoresha ingufu nyinshi: 20W;
●Imbaraga zinjiza: AC230V ± 20%, 50Hz ± 10%;
●Gukoresha ubushyuhe bwibidukikije: 5 ～ 40 ℃;
●Gukoresha Ubushuhe bwibidukikije: ≤85%
●Igipimo: 330 × 240 × 160mm
●Uburemere bwuzuye: 6kg.
Imiterere y'ibikoresho n'Inteko
1. Umucumbitsi
Igicapo 4-1
Akagari ka Electrolytike
Igishushanyo 4-2 Igishushanyo mbonera cya selile
Igicapo 4-3 Igishushanyo cyo guteranya selile
1.Gupima electrode 2. Gupima amashanyarazi ya electrode 3. Electrolytike electrode 4. Electrolytic electrode lead 5. Ion filter membrane 6. Kuma umuyoboro wogusya ibirahuri 7. Kuma umuyoboro 8. Allochroic silicagel (agent yumisha) 9. Icyitegererezo cyinjira 10. Stirrer 11 Icyumba cya Anode 12. Icyumba cya Cathode 13. Gucomeka amashanyarazi ya selile
●Shira ibice bya silicone yubururu (agent yumisha) mumashanyarazi (7 mumashusho 4-2).
Icyitonderwa: Umuyoboro wumye ugomba gukomeza guhumeka ikirere kandi ntushobora gufungwa burundu, bitabaye ibyo byoroshye guteza akaga!
●Shyiramo amata yera ya silicone yera mumasake hanyuma uyasunike neza hamwe na sitidiyo ifunga (reba Ishusho 4-4).
Igishushanyo 4-4 Igishushanyo cyo guteranya inshinge
●Witonze shyira stirrer mu icupa rya electrolytike unyuze mucyitegererezo.
●Kwirakwiza neza amavuta ya vacuum kuri electrode yapimye, electrolytike electrode, cathode chamber yumye, hamwe nicyambu gisya inkoko.Nyuma yo kwinjiza ibice byavuzwe haruguru mumacupa ya electrolytike, ubizenguruke buhoro kugirango bikore neza.
●Hafi ya ml 120-150 ya electrolyte yatewe mu cyumba cya anode cya selile ya electrolytike kuva ku cyambu cya electrolytike gifunga icyambu gifite umuyonga usukuye kandi wumye (cyangwa ukoresheje icyuma gihindura amazi), hanyuma ugashyirwa no mu cyumba cya anode cya selile ya electrolytique kuva kuri icyuma cya electrolytike gifunga icyambu na feri (cyangwa ukoresheje icyuma gihindura amazi), kugirango urwego rwa electrolyte imbere mucyumba cya cathode na chambre ya anode ahanini ni kimwe.Nyuma yo kurangiza, gucomeka ibirahuri bya selile ya electrolytike bisizwe neza hamwe nigice cyamavuta ya vacuum hanyuma bigashyirwa mumwanya wabyo, bizunguruka buhoro kugirango bikore neza.
Icyitonderwa: Imirimo yo gupakira electrolyte yavuzwe haruguru igomba gukorerwa ahantu hafite umwuka mwiza.Ntugahumeke cyangwa ngo ukore kuri reagent ukoresheje intoki.Niba ihuye nuruhu, kwoza amazi.
Nyuma yo kuzuza intambwe yavuzwe haruguru, shyira selile ya electrolytike mumashanyarazi ya electrolytike (9 ku gishushanyo cya 4-1), shyiramo insinga ya electrolytike ya electrode ihuza umugozi wa lotus hamwe nu mugozi wo gupima electrode wapima mumashanyarazi ya electrolytike (7 mumashusho . 4-1).) hamwe no gupima interineti ya electrode (8 mu gishusho.4-1).
Igisubizo cya reagent ni uruvange rwa iyode, pyridine yuzuyemo dioxyde de sulfure na methanol.Ihame rya reaction ya Karl-Fischer reagent hamwe namazi ni: hashingiwe ku kuba hari amazi, iyode igabanywa na dioxyde de sulfure, kandi imbere ya pyridine na methanol, pyridine hydroiodide na methyl hydrogen hydrogen pyridine.Inzira yo kubyitwaramo ni:
H20 + I2 + SO2 + 3C5H5N → 2C5H5N · HI + C5H5N · SO3 ………… (1)
C5H5N · SO3 + CH3OH → C5H5N · HSO4CH3 ………………… (2)
Mugihe cya electrolysis, reaction ya electrode nuburyo bukurikira:
Anode: 2I- - 2e → I2 ....................................... (3)
Cathode: 2H + + 2e → H2 ↑ ....................................... (4)
Iyode ikorwa na anode ifata amazi kugirango ikore aside hydroiodic kugeza igihe amazi yose arangiye, kandi iherezo ryigikorwa ryerekanwa nigice cyo gutahura kigizwe na electrode ya platine.Dukurikije itegeko rya Faraday ryerekeye electrolysis, umubare wa molekile ya iyode igira uruhare mu kuyitwara ihwanye n’umubare wa molekile y’amazi, ugereranije n’amafaranga y’amashanyarazi.Umubare w'amazi n'amafaranga afite uburinganire bukurikira:
W = Q / 10.722 …………………………………………… （5）
W - ibirimo ubuhehere bwikitegererezo Igice: ug
Ikibazo - ingano ya electrolysis yumuriro wamashanyarazi Igice: mC
Igikoresho gikoresha ecran-nini ya LCD, kandi umubare wamakuru ashobora kugaragara kuri buri ecran arakize, agabanya umubare wo guhinduranya ecran.Hamwe na buto yo gukoraho, imikorere ya buto irasobanuwe neza, byoroshye gukora.
Igikoresho kigabanijwemo ibice 5 byerekana:
●Boot ikaze ya ecran;
●Kugena igihe;
●Mugaragaza amateka yamateka;
●Icyitegererezo cyibizamini;
●Igipimo cyo gupima ibipimo;
1. Boot Ikaze Mugaragaza
Huza umugozi wamashanyarazi hanyuma ufungure amashanyarazi.Mugaragaza LCD yerekana nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 6-1:
2.Igihe cyo Gushiraho Igihe
Kanda buto "Igihe" muburyo bwa shusho ya 6-1, hanyuma ecran ya LCD izerekanwa nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 6-2:
Muri iyi interface, kanda umubare wumubare wigihe cyangwa itariki kumasegonda 3 kugirango ushireho cyangwa uhindure igihe nitariki.
Kanda
urufunguzo rwo gusubira kuri boot.
3. Mugaragaza Amateka Yamateka
Kanda buto ya "Data" muri ecran ya shusho ya 6-1, hanyuma ecran ya LCD izerekanwa nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 6-3:
Kanda
urufunguzo rwo guhindura impapuro.
Kanda
Urufunguzo rwo gusiba amakuru agezweho.
Kanda
urufunguzo rwo gucapa amakuru agezweho.
Kandaurufunguzo rwo gusubira kuri boot.
4. Icyitegererezo cyibizamini
Kanda buto "Ikizamini" muri ecran ya Ishusho 6-1, ecran ya LCD izerekana nkuko bigaragara hano:
Niba electrolyte iri mu ngirabuzimafatizo ya electrolytike isimbuwe vuba, imiterere iriho irerekana "Reagent hejuru ya iyode, nyamuneka wuzuze amazi".Nyuma yo gutera buhoro buhoro amazi mucyumba cya anode hamwe na 50ul sampler kugeza electrolyte ihindutse umuhondo wijimye, imiterere iriho izerekana "Nyamuneka utegereze", kandi igikoresho kizahita kiringaniza.
Niba electrolyte muri selile ya electrolytike yarakoreshejwe, imiterere iriho izerekana "Nyamuneka utegereze", kandi igikoresho kizahita kiringaniza.
Mbere yo gutondekanya itangira, ni ukuvuga icyombo cya titre ntabwo cyumye."Nyamuneka utegereze" izerekana, ibikoresho byimodoka byerekana amazi yinyongera.
Kanda
Urufunguzo rwo guhitamo ibintu.
Kanda
Urufunguzo rwo gutangira ikizamini.
Kandaurufunguzo rwo gusubira kuri boot
4.1 Muriyi interface, kanda urufunguzo rwa "Gushiraho", shiraho umuvuduko ukurura na Ext.igihe.
Igicapo 6-5
Kanda umuvuduko ukurura (umubare wigice) kugirango ushireho umuvuduko wikintu.Kanda kuri Ext.igihe (umubare wigice) kugirango ushireho gutinda kumwanya wanyuma wikizamini.
Umuvuduko ukurura: Iyo viscosity ya sample yapimwe ari nini, umuvuduko ukurura urashobora kwiyongera neza.Ntukagire ububobere muri electrolyte ikurura.
Umugereka.Igihe: Iyo bibaye ngombwa kongera igihe cyikizamini cyicyitegererezo, nko kudashonga kwicyitegererezo hamwe na electrolyte cyangwa ibizamini byamazi ya gaze, igihe cyibizamini gishobora kongerwa muburyo bukwiye.(Icyitonderwa: Mugihe Ext. igikoresho gihamye)
4.2 Nyuma yo kuringaniza ibikoresho birangiye, imiterere iriho izerekana "Kandaurufunguzo rwo gupima ". Muri iki gihe, igikoresho gishobora guhindurwa cyangwa icyitegererezo gishobora gupimwa mu buryo butaziguye.
Kugirango uhindure igikoresho, koresha 0.5ul sampler kugirango ufate 0.1ul y'amazi, kanda urufunguzo rwa "Tangira", hanyuma uyinjize muri electrolyte unyuze mucyitegererezo.Niba ibisubizo byanyuma byikizamini kiri hagati ya 97-103ug (sampler yatumijwe hanze), irerekana ko igikoresho kiri mumiterere isanzwe kandi icyitegererezo gishobora gupimwa.(Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byo murugo biri hagati ya 90-110ug, byerekana ko igikoresho kimeze muburyo busanzwe).
4.3 Icyitegererezo
Iyo igikoresho kiringaniye (cyangwa kalibibasi), imiterere yubu ni "Titrating", noneho icyitegererezo gishobora kwitirirwa.
Fata urugero rukwiye rw'icyitegererezo, kanda urufunguzo rwa "Tangira", shyiramo icyitegererezo muri electrolyte unyuze mucyitegererezo, hanyuma igikoresho kizahita gipima kugeza imperuka.
Icyitonderwa: Ingano yicyitegererezo yagabanutse neza cyangwa yiyongera ukurikije amazi yagereranijwe yikitegererezo.Umubare muto wicyitegererezo urashobora gufatwa hamwe na 50ul sampler yo kwipimisha.Niba ibipimo by'amazi byapimwe ari bito, ingano yo guterwa irashobora kwiyongera muburyo bukwiye;Niba ibipimo by'amazi byapimwe ari binini, ingano yo guterwa irashobora kugabanuka uko bikwiye.Birakwiye ko habaho ibisubizo byanyuma byikigereranyo cyamazi hagati ya microgramo icumi na microgramu amagana.Amavuta ya transformateur hamwe namavuta ya turbine arashobora guterwa 1000ul.
5. Ibisubizo byo gupima
Ikizamini cyicyitegererezo kirangiye, formulaire yo kubara irashobora guhinduka nkuko bisabwa, kandi umubare uri kuruhande rwiburyo bwa formula yo kubara urashobora guhinduka hagati ya 1-5.(bihuye na ppm, mg / L na% uko bikurikirana)
Ibipimo bisanzwe byo gupima iki gikoresho ni 0μg-100mg.Kugirango ubone ibisubizo nyabyo byo kwipimisha, ingano yintangarugero yatewe igomba kugenzurwa neza nkuko biri mubushuhe bwikigereranyo.
1. Icyitegererezo cyamazi
Gupima icyitegererezo cyamazi: icyitegererezo cyapimwe kigomba gukururwa ninshinge zintangarugero, hanyuma zigaterwa muri chambre ya anode ya selile ya electrolytike ikoresheje icyambu.Mbere yo gutera inshinge, urushinge rugomba gusukurwa nimpapuro.Kandi inshinge zinshinge zigomba kwinjizwa muri electrolyte utabanje guhura na inwall ya selile electrolytike na electrode mugihe icyitegererezo cyatewe.
2. Icyitegererezo gikomeye
Icyitegererezo gikomeye gishobora kuba muburyo bwifu, ibice cyangwa akajagari (misa nini igomba guhishwa).Imashini ikwirakwiza amazi igomba guhitamo kandi igahuzwa nigikoresho mugihe icyitegererezo cyibizamini bigoye gushonga muri reagent.
Gufata icyitegererezo gikomeye gishobora gushonga muri reagent nkurugero rwo gusobanura inshinge zikomeye, nkibi bikurikira:
Igicapo 7-1
1) Urushinge rukomeye rwerekana ishusho 7-1, kwoza amazi hanyuma ukume neza.
2) Kuramo umupfundikizo wintangarugero ikomeye, gutera inshinge yikizamini, gutwikira umupfundikizo no gupima neza.
3) Kuramo icyuma cya plaque ya selile ya electrolytike selile yicyitegererezo, shyiramo inshinge zicyitegererezo mumurongo watewe inshinge ukurikije umurongo wuzuye werekanye kumashusho 7-2.Kuzenguruka icyitegererezo gikomeye cyo gutera inshinge 180 zerekanwe nkumurongo utudomo ku gishushanyo 7-2, bigatuma urugero rwikigereranyo rugabanuka muri reagent kugeza igihe ibipimo birangiye.Mubikorwa byayo, icyitegererezo cyibizamini ntigishobora guhura na electrolytike electrode kandi yapimwe electrode.
Igicapo 7-2
Gupima icyitegererezo cyatewe hanyuma ugapfundikire neza nyuma yo gutera inshinge.Icyitegererezo cyiza gishobora kubarwa ukurikije itandukaniro riri hagati yuburemere bubiri, bushobora gukoreshwa mukubara ibipimo byamazi.
3. Icyitegererezo cya gaze
Kugirango ubuhehere buri muri gaze bushobore kwakirwa na reagent, hazakoreshwa umuhuza kugirango ugenzure icyitegererezo cyo kwinjizwa mu ngirabuzimafatizo ya electrolytike igihe icyo ari cyo cyose. (Reba ishusho 7-3).Iyo ibipimo by'ibizamini bya gaze bipimye, reagent igera kuri 150ml igomba guterwa muri selile electrolytique kugirango hemezwe ko ubushuhe bushobora kwinjizwa neza.Muri icyo gihe, umuvuduko wa gazi ugomba kugenzurwa kuri 500ml kuri min.hafi.Mugihe iyo reagent igabanutse bigaragara mugikorwa cyo gupima, hafi 20ml glycol igomba guterwa nkinyongera.(izindi miti ya reagent irashobora kongerwaho nkurugero rwapimwe.)
Igicapo 7-3
A. Ububiko
1. Irinde izuba, kandi ubushyuhe bwicyumba bugomba kuba muri 5 ℃ ～ 35 ℃.
2. Ntugashyireho kandi ukore munsi yibidukikije hamwe nubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe nihindagurika ryinshi ryamashanyarazi.
3. Ntugashyire kandi ukore munsi yibidukikije hamwe na gaze yangirika.
B. Gusimbuza padi ya silicone
Silicone padi yicyitegererezo cyo gutera inshinge igomba guhinduka mugihe bitewe nuko kuyikoresha igihe kirekire bizatuma pinhole idasezerana kandi ireke ubushuhe, bizagira ingaruka kubipimo. (Reba ishusho 4-4)
1. Gusimbuza silicagel ya allochroic
Allochroic silicagel mu muyoboro wumye igomba guhinduka mugihe ibara ryayo rihindutse ubururu bwerurutse buva mubururu.Ntugashyire ifu ya silicagel mu muyoboro wumye mugihe usimbuye, bitabaye ibyo umunaniro wa selile electrolytike uzahagarikwa bikaviramo guhagarika electrolysis.
2. Kubungabunga icyambu cya electrolytike
Kuzenguruka icyuma gisya cya selile ya electrolytike buri minsi 7-8.Iyo bidashobora kuzunguruka byoroshye, kote hamwe namavuta ya vacuum yoroheje hanyuma wongere ushyireho, bitabaye ibyo biragoye kuyisenya niba amasaha ya serivisi ari maremare.
Niba electrode idashobora kumanurwa, nyamuneka ntuyikuremo ku gahato.Muri kano kanya, kwibiza selile yose ya electrolytike mumazi ashyushye mumasaha 24-48 buri gihe, hanyuma kugirango uyikoreshe.
3. Isuku ya selile electrolytike
Fungura impande zose z'icupa ry'ikirahuri cya selile ya electrolytike.Sukura icupa rya electrolytike selile, umuyoboro wumye, icyuma gifunga amazi.Kuma mu ziko (ubushyuhe bw'itanura bugera kuri 80 ℃) nyuma yo koza, hanyuma ukonje bisanzwe.Inzoga zuzuye za Ethyl zirashobora gukoreshwa mugusukura electrode ya electrolusis, mugihe amazi abujijwe.Nyuma yo gukora isuku, yumisha hamwe nuwumye.
Icyitonderwa: Ntugasukure electrode iyobora, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 8-1
Igicapo 8-1
C. Simbuza Electrolyte
1. Fata electrode ya electrolytike, upime electrode, umuyoboro wumye, ucomeka inshinge nibindi bikoresho kumacupa ya selile ya electrolytike.
2. Kuraho electrolyte kugirango isimburwe mumacupa ya selile ya electrolytike.
3. Sukura icupa rya selile ya electrolytike, electrolytike electrode no gupima electrode hamwe na Ethanol yuzuye.
4. Kama icupa rya selile isukuye ya electrolytike, electrode ya electrode, nibindi mumatanura itarenze 50 ℃.
5. Suka electrolyte nshya mumacupa ya selile ya electrolytike, hanyuma usukemo hafi ya 150ml (hagati y'imirongo ibiri yera itambitse ya icupa rya selile ya electrolytike).
6. Shyiramo electrode ya electrolytike, upime electrode, hamwe nicyuma cyumye cyumye, nibindi, hanyuma usukemo electrolyte nshya muri electrode ya electrolytike, ingano yayo isukwa ni kimwe nurwego rwamazi ya electrolyte mumacupa ya selile ya electrolytike.
7. Koresha igipande cyamavuta ya vacuum ku byambu byose byo gusya bya electrolytike (electrolytike electrode, gupima electrode, icyuma gitera inshinge, icyuma gisya ibirahure).
8. Shira icupa rya electrolytike selile yasimbujwe icupa rya electrolytike selile icupa ryigikoresho, hanyuma uhindure igikoresho kuri titre.
9. Reagent nshya igomba kuba itukura-yijimye kandi muri iyode.Koresha inshinge 50uL kugirango utere hafi 50-100uL y'amazi kugeza reagent ihindutse umuhondo wijimye.
1. Nta kwerekana
Impamvu: Umugozi w'amashanyarazi ntabwo uhujwe;amashanyarazi ntabwo ari muburyo bwiza.
Umuti: Huza umugozi w'amashanyarazi;gusimbuza amashanyarazi.
2. Fungura umuzenguruko wo gupima electrode
Impamvu: gupima electrode hamwe nibikoresho byacometse ntabwo bihujwe neza;insinga ihuza iracitse.
Umuti: Huza icyuma;gusimbuza umugozi.
3. Umuvuduko wa Electrolysis uhora ari zeru mugihe cya electrolysis.
Impamvu: Electrolytike electrode hamwe nibikoresho byacometse ntabwo bihujwe neza;insinga ya connexion yaracitse.
Umuti: Huza icyuma;gusimbuza umugozi.
4. Calibration ibisubizo byamazi meza ni mato, mugihe icyitegererezo cyikizamini cyatewe, ntigishobora gutahurwa nibikoresho.
Impamvu: Electrolyte itakaza efficacy.
Umuti: Simbuza electrolyte nshya.
5. Inzira ya electrolytike ntishobora kurangira.
Impamvu: Electrolyte itakaza efficacy.
Umuti: Simbuza electrolyte nshya.
